Showing metabocard for Cholesterol (HMDB0. Quantitative metabolomics services for biomarker discovery and validation. Specializing in ready to use metabolomics kits. Your source for quantitative metabolomics technologies and bioinformatics. Record Information. Version. 3. 6. Creation Date. UTCUpdate Date. 20. UTCHMDB IDHMDB0. 00. Secondary Accession Numbers. Metabolite Identification. Common Name. Cholesterol. Description. Cholesterol is a sterol (a combination steroid and alcohol) and a lipid found in the cell membranes of all body tissues, and transported in the blood plasma of all animals. The name originates from the Greek chole- (bile) and stereos (solid), and the chemical suffix - ol for an alcohol, as researchers first identified cholesterol (C2. H4. 5OH) in solid form in gallstones in 1. Cholesterol is transported throughout the body via lipoprotein particles. The largest lipoproteins, which primarily transport fats from the intestinal mucosa to the liver, are called chylomicrons. They carry mostly triglyceride fats and cholesterol (that are from food and especially internal cholesterol secreted by the liver into the bile). In the liver, chylomicron particles give up triglycerides and some cholesterol, and are converted into low- density lipoprotein (LDL) particles, which carry triglycerides and cholesterol on to other body cells. In healthy individuals the LDL particles are large and relatively few in number. In contrast, large numbers of small LDL particles are strongly associated with promoting atheromatous disease within the arteries. Hope in Science. Scientists have made great advances in understanding the cause, diagnosis, and possible treatments of Alzheimer's disease. Basic Description. Arguably, no conventional nutrient has undergone as much of a research renaissance in recent years as folate. Many people are familiar with the. Top of page Abstract. Hepatic encephalopathy (HE) is a serious neuropsychiatric complication of both acute and chronic liver disease. Symptoms of HE can include. Clinical effects of tramiprosate in apoe4/4 homozygous patients with mild alzheimer’s disease suggest disease modification potential. In conditions with elevated concentrations of oxidized LDL particles, especially small LDL particles, cholesterol promotes atheroma plaque deposits in the walls of arteries, a condition known as atherosclerosis, which is a major contributor to coronary heart disease and other forms of cardiovascular disease. Increased concentrations of large HDL particles, not total HDL particles, correlate with lower rates of atheroma progressions, even regression.). There is a world- wide trend to believe that lower total cholesterol levels tend to correlate with lower atherosclerosis event rates (though many studies refute this idea). Due to this reason, cholesterol has become a very large focus for scientific researchers trying to determine the proper amount of cholesterol needed in a healthy diet. However, the primary association of atherosclerosis with cholesterol has always been specifically with cholesterol transport patterns, not total cholesterol per se. For example, total cholesterol can be low, yet made up primarily of small LDL and small HDL particles and atheroma growth rates are high. In contrast, however, if LDL particle number is low (mostly large particles) and a large percentage of the HDL particles are large (HDL is actively reverse transporting cholesterol), then atheroma growth rates are usually low, even negative, for any given total cholesterol concentration. These effects are further complicated by the relative concentration of asymmetric dimethylarginin (ADMA) in the endothelium, since ADMA down- regulates production of nitric oxide, a relaxant of the endothelium. Thus, high levels of ADMA, associated with high oxidized levels of LDL pose a heightened risk factor for vascular disease. HMDBSuper hartolan. HMDBTegolan. HMDBChemical Formula. To some, a ketogenic diet amounts to nothing less than a drug-free cancer treatment. The diet calls for eliminating carbohydrates, replacing them with. A review of lifestyle factors that contribute to important pathways associated with major depression: Diet, sleep and exercise. Although biological membranes contain various types of lipids and proteins, their distribution between the two different sides of the bilayer is asymmetric. Columbus Instruments' Comprehensive Lab Animal Monitoring System (CLAMS) has set the standard for multiple parameter scoring of multiple animals. Type or paste a DOI name into the text box. Your browser will take you to a Web page (URL) associated with that DOI name. Send questions or comments to doi. Acute myelogenous leukemia; Tatidis L, Vitols S, Gruber A, Paul C, Axelson M: Cholesterol catabolism in patients with acute myelogenous leukemia and. C2. 7H4. 6OAverage Molecular Weight. Monoisotopic Molecular Weight. IUPAC Name(1. S,2. R,1. 0S,1. 1S,1. 4R,1. R)- 2,1. 5- dimethyl- 1. Cancer Lett. 2. 00. Sep 2. 0; 1. 70(2): 1. Feb; 2. 3(2): 2. 74- 8. J Proteome Res. 2. Dec 2; 1. 0(1. 2): 5. Epub 2. 01. 1 Nov 8. J Neural Transm (Vienna). Aug; 1. 22 Suppl 1: S1. Epub 2. 01. 4 May 1. Feb; 2. 3(2): 2. 74- 8. Prolonged nucleation time in human gallbladder bile. Dig Dis Sci. 1. 99. Apr; 3. 8(4): 6. 84- 9. J Gastroenterol. 1. Dec; 3. 1(6): 8. 28- 3. The Expert Panel. Arch Intern Med. 1. Jan; 1. 48(1): 3. J Lipid Res. 2. 00. Feb; 4. 6(2): 1. 91- 5. Epub 2. 00. 4 Dec 1. Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS)Download (PDF)General References. Sreekumar A, Poisson LM, Rajendiran TM, Khan AP, Cao Q, Yu J, Laxman B, Mehra R, Lonigro RJ, Li Y, Nyati MK, Ahsan A, Kalyana- Sundaram S, Han B, Cao X, Byun J, Omenn GS, Ghosh D, Pennathur S, Alexander DC, Berger A, Shuster JR, Wei JT, Varambally S, Beecher C, Chinnaiyan AM: Metabolomic profiles delineate potential role for sarcosine in prostate cancer progression. Feb 1. 2; 4. 57(7. J Inherit Metab Dis. Aug; 2. 0(4): 5. 78- 8. Acta Neurol Scand Suppl. Am J Kidney Dis. 1. Jun; 2. 7(6): 8. 09- 1. Biomed Khim. 2. 00. Mar- Apr; 5. 0(2): 2. Neurosci Lett. 2. Jul 3. 1; 4. 03(1- 2): 1. Epub 2. 00. 6 May 1. Arch Intern Med. 2. Apr 2. 4; 1. 66(8): 9. J Gastroenterol. 1. Dec; 3. 1(6): 8. 28- 3. Aug; 2. 2(8): 1. 30. Invest Clin. 1. 99. Dec; 3. 7(4): 2. 55- 7. Prolonged nucleation time in human gallbladder bile. Dig Dis Sci. 1. 99. Apr; 3. 8(4): 6. 84- 9. Jun; 2. 6(5): 5. 66- 7. Schweiz Med Wochenschr. Feb 2. 5; 1. 25(8): 3. Atherosclerosis. 1. Jul; 8. 9(1): 4. 9- 5. N Engl J Med. 1. 98. Jun 1. 9; 3. 14(2. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol. May; 9. 8(5): 5. 03- 9. Feb; 2. 3(2): 2. 74- 8. J Lipid Res. 2. 00. Feb; 4. 6(2): 1. 91- 5. Epub 2. 00. 4 Dec 1. Miner Electrolyte Metab. Jan- Feb; (1): 2. Synthesized mainly in the liver and secreted into plasma where it converts cholesterol and phosphatidylcholines (lecithins) to cholesteryl esters and lysophosphatidylcholines on the surface of high and low density lipoproteins (HDLs and LDLs). The cholesterol ester is then transported back to the liver. Has a preference for plasma 1. O- 1. 8: 2 phosphatidylcholines. Also produced in the brain by primary astrocytes, and esterifies free cholesterol on nascent APOE- containing lipoproteins secreted from glia and influences cerebral spinal fluid (CSF) APOE- and APOA1 levels. Together with APOE and the cholesterol transporter ABCA1, plays a key role in the maturation of glial- derived, nascent lipoproteins. Required for remodeling high- density lipoprotein particles into their spherical forms. Important in mediating the effect of LDL (low density lipoprotein) uptake on suppression of hydroxymethylglutaryl- Co. A reductase and activation of endogenous cellular cholesteryl ester formation. Acts in concert with pancreatic lipase and colipase for the complete digestion of dietary triglycerides. Sulfonation increases the water solubility of most compounds, and therefore their renal excretion, but it can also result in bioactivation to form active metabolites. Sulfates hydroxysteroids like DHEA. Isoform 1 preferentially sulfonates cholesterol, and isoform 2 avidly sulfonates pregnenolone but not cholesterol. In addition to its acyltransferase activity, it may act as a ligase. May provide cholesteryl esters for lipoprotein secretion from hepatocytes and intestinal mucosa. Important for cholesterol homeostasis. Plays a role in lipoprotein assembly and dietary cholesterol absorption. In addition to its acyltransferase activity, it may act as a ligase. Has also a vitamin D3- 2. As part of the SPAP complex, activates spermatozoa motility. Gene Name: APOA1. Uniprot ID: P0. 26. Molecular weight: 3. General function: Energy production and conversion. Specific function: Catalyzes the reduction of the delta- 2. Protects cells from oxidative stress by reducing caspase 3 activity during apoptosis induced by oxidative stress. Also protects against amyloid- beta peptide- induced apoptosis. Binds DNA as a monomer to hormone response elements (HRE) containing a single core motif half- site preceded by a short A- T- rich sequence. This isomer binds to the consensus sequence 5'- . Regulates a number of genes involved in lipid metabolism such as apolipoproteins AI, APOA5, CIII, CYP7. PPARgamma, in cerebellum and photoreceptor development including PCP2, OPN1. SW, OPN1. SM AND ARR3, in circadian rhythm with BMAL1, and skeletal muscle development with MYOD1. Possible receptor for cholesterol or one of its derivatives. Gene Name: RORAUniprot ID: P3. Molecular weight: 6. References. Overington JP, Al- Lazikani B, Hopkins AL: How many drug targets are there? Nat Rev Drug Discov. Dec; 5(1. 2): 9. 93- 6. Nat Rev Drug Discov. Oct; 5(1. 0): 8. 21- 3. Nucleic Acids Res. Jan 1; 2. 8(1): 2. May play an important role in regulating lipid metabolism by synthesizing a corepressor that blocks sterol regulatory element binding protein (SREBP) processing. In testis, production of 2. Leydig cell differentiation. It converts cholesterol into 2. S- hydroxycholesterol and, to a lesser extent, 2. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. Oct 5; 2. 76(3): 9. May be involved in brain- to- blood efflux. Appears to play a major role in the multidrug resistance phenotype of several cancer cell lines. When overexpressed, the transfected cells become resistant to mitoxantrone, daunorubicin and doxorubicin, display diminished intracellular accumulation of daunorubicin, and manifest an ATP- dependent increase in the efflux of rhodamine 1. Gene Name: ABCG2. Uniprot ID: Q9. UNQ0 Molecular weight: 7. References. Janvilisri T, Venter H, Shahi S, Reuter G, Balakrishnan L, van Veen HW: Sterol transport by the human breast cancer resistance protein (ABCG2) expressed in Lactococcus lactis. J Biol Chem. 2. 00. Jun 6; 2. 78(2. 3): 2. Epub 2. 00. 3 Mar 2.
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